~*Cognitive Approach*~ (Summary)

The Cognitive Approach emphasizes the role of mediating processes in human behavior. The central assumption is that behavior can best be understood by looking at the processes which come between an environmental stimulus and the behavioral response.

Memory is regarded as having three separate stages- sensory memory, short term memory(STM) and long term memory(LTM) . Each stage has distinctive characteristic with transfer between stages dependent on attention, rehearsal and coding .

 *Cognition literally means “knowing”. In other words, psychologists from this approach study cognition which is ‘the mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired.’

 *They focus on the way humans process information, looking at how we treat information that comes in to the person (what behaviourists would call stimuli) and how this treatment leads to responses. In other words, they are interested in the variables that mediate between stimulus/input and response/output. Cognitive psychology assumes our behaviour is an internal process including perception, attention, language, memory and thought. 

What is Cognitive Behavioral Theory?
So now that we know a little bit about the history of cognitive behavioral theory, let's understand in detail about what this theory has to say, in modern day. Cognition, the term itself means, to conceptualize, to know, to recognize. Precisely, it is the thought process which covers grasping the knowledge, remembering it, applying it, developing beliefs on it, reasoning it and retaining it. So a cognitive behavioral theory is a study that is descriptive about how the concept of cognition plays an important role in determining the behavioral pattern of a person. Let's figure out, how the cognitive behavioral theory is applicable in understanding and judging various personalities.
  

 *Cognitive behavior is a vast subject which cannot be covered in a day. However, I hope this article on cognitive behavioral theory has been informative. Cognitive behavioral therapies, based on this theory have helped a great deal in identifying many personality disorders and treating them. Human mind is a complicated make which needs to keep a balance of the positive and negative emotions in order to sustain a sane thought process. So before I conclude this article, I would like to share the famous lines of David Burns with my readers: Aim for success, not perfection. Never give up your right to be wrong, because then you will lose the ability to learn new things and move forward with your life. Remember that fear always lurks behind perfectionism. Confronting your fears and allowing yourself the right to be human can, paradoxically, make yourself a happier and more productive person.. So true! 

Group 4

Erwinpaul Borja

Annalyn Noga

Jackelyn Saguban

Charlotte Chinee Tejada

~*psychodynamic approach*~

As the Psychodynamic Approach, this approach to leadership is evaluative to ones own psychological make-up and what motivates your (and the people around you) reactions to situations and your emotional responses. The intent of this approach is to improve the situation with you and your team members. By becoming more aware of their personality characteristics, they can then understand how they respond to the leader and to each other. Thus, an important function of the leader is to facilitate the process of having people gain insight and identify their own needs and patterns of emotional reaction to other people. Important concepts in the psychodynamic approach to leadership include the family origin (relating the persons family to their behavior), maturation of individuation (how the individual relates to authority and how they deal with intimacy and openness), dependence or independence (as implied but also looks at rebelliousness and rejecting directive behaviors), repression (placing those thoughts, ideas, and behaviors deep into the mind that are deemed socially unacceptable) .


Conscious- In Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality, the conscious mind includes everything that is inside of our awareness. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we can think and talk about in a rational way.

*cognitive approach*

The Cognitive Approach emphasizes the role of mediating processes in human behavior. The central assumption is that behavior can best be understood by looking at the processes which come between an environmental stimulus and the behavioral response.

Memory is regarded as having three separate stages- sensory memory, short term memory(STM) and long term memory(LTM) . Each stage has distinctive characteristic with transfer between stages dependent on attention, rehearsal and coding .

 *Cognition literally means “knowing”. In other words, psychologists from this approach study cognition which is ‘the mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired.’

 *They focus on the way humans process information, looking at how we treat information that comes in to the person (what behaviourists would call stimuli) and how this treatment leads to responses. In other words, they are interested in the variables that mediate between stimulus/input and response/output. Cognitive psychology assumes our behaviour is an internal process including perception, attention, language, memory and thought.

Behavioral Approach

Behaviourism is primarily concerned with observable behaviour, as opposed to internal events like thinking and emotion. Observable (i.e. external) behaviour can be objectively and scientifically measured.

Behavioral psychology, also known as behaviorism, is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states.


Example:
I notice we are using behaviorism once we wake up. If we wake up on time we won’t have to rush and can avoid traffic and find parking. This is negative reinforcement. We negatively reinforce ourself because we have experienced punishment of waking up late and sitting in traffic and walking distance because we were not able to find a good parking spot. Behaviorism is a choice and the consequences motivate us to which behavior we will do. We have different choices to choose from, but considering the consequences we chose our behavior sometimes automatically and pick our response accordingly. In order to change behavior there must be consequences.

*I've Learned About Psychology*

 Psychology is concerned with human behavior. The psychology comes from the Greek word psyche means "soul" and logos means "study" .It is all about the study about how and why people behave feel or think the way they do .

Approaches of Psychology
*Biological approach
*Behavioral approach
*Cognitive approach
*humanistic approach
*psychodynamic approach
*perspective approach

Biological Approach
It is all about neuropsychology, studying active brain activity to understand how the body and brain works while doing physical or mental work. No other fields of psychology has this way of utilizing modern equipments to probe into the brain where all mental processes and behavior come from. Also, localization of which part of the brain is activated upon certain stimulations are performed could help those who suffer from motor disabilities so that they can potentially recover or improve lost functions of their body parts.